Deep Tech In India

Blog Credit: Trupti Thakur

Image Courtesy: Google

Deep Technology In India

 

Deep technology (also deep tech or DeepTech) or hard tech is a classification of organization, or more typically startup company, with the expressed objective of providing technology solutions based on substantial scientific or engineering challenges.^] They present challenges requiring lengthy research and development, and large capital investment before successful commercialization. Their primary risk is technical risk, while market risk is often significantly lower due to the clear potential value of the solution to society. The underlying scientific or engineering problems being solved by deep tech and hard tech companies generate valuable intellectual property and are hard to reproduce.

Definition

The term “deep tech” has been present for decades, representing R&D divisions at major defense and telecommunications corporations such as Raytheon Technologies, Lockheed Martin’s Skunk Works, and Bell Labs, to the more modern definition which increasingly includes companies found in the venture capital ecosystem. The word doesn’t refer to innovation itself, but to a category of startup companies that develop new products based “on scientific discovery or meaningful engineering innovation”.

According to year 2019 research by the Boston Consulting Group and Hello Tomorrow, a French nonprofit that supports deep technology, the most prominent deep tech fields included advanced materials, advanced manufacturing, artificial intelligence, machine learning, biotechnology, blockchain, robotics, photonics, aerospace and space technology, electronics (including semiconductor manufacturing), cyber threat intelligence, fusion power and quantum computing. Global private investment in those fields increased more than 20% a year from 2015, and reached almost $18 billion in 2018. Possible fields for deep tech application include agriculture, life sciences, chemistry, aerospace and green energy. In business context, deep tech has three key attributes: potential for impact, a long time to reach market-ready maturity, and substantial requirement for capital.

• Deep tech innovations are often radical and may create new markets or disrupt existing ones. Deep tech companies often address big societal and environmental challenges and have potential to impact everyday life. Silicon chips are an example of innovation that enabled calculation at previously unimaginable speed and scale.
• The time required to move from basic science to applicable technology in deep tech exceed the development time of startups based on widely available technology (“shallow tech” such as mobile apps, websites, and e-commerce services). For instance, the development of technology behind artificial intelligence took decades, and now AI companies are rapidly developing in many fields. According to Hello Tomorrow, as of 2019 it took an average of four years to reach market in biotech and 2.4 years in blockchain.
• The demand for huge early-stage funding for R&D and prototype development and lengthy life cycle of deep tech startups forces them to abandon the established funding progression from friends and family to angel and seed money, series A and subsequent rounds leading to trade sale or IPO. Many companies also funded by government and other types of non-dilutive grants.

History

The funding for deep tech companies has increased over the years. According to Boston Consulting Group, the total investments in deep tech companies increased from $1.7 billion to $7.9 billion from 2011 through 2016. Investment activities are concentrated in the United States and China that totaled for about 81% of global private investments in deep tech from 2015 through 2018 with approximately $32.8 billion and $14.6 billion invested in each country, respectively. China acts as the main driver in deep tech investments with funding increasing 80% each year over that period compared to 10% each year in the US. European countries are also active in deep tech investing. According to the Financial Times, in 2017 the total funding towards deep tech companies reached around €3 billion across 600 deals.

Corporations such as Google, Facebook, Amazon, IBM and Apple show increased interest towards deep tech applications in AI, virtual reality, drones, self-driving cars. Business accelerators are also shifting focus from digital startups towards deep tech ventures. In 2016 Y Combinator’s batch there were 32 deep tech startups including 9 in biotech, 4 in drones and 3 in advanced hardware. The Eindhoven-based startup accelerator HighTechXL exclusively focuses on deep tech ventures.

India is making a major push to establish itself as a global leader in deep tech – advanced technologies like artificial intelligence, robotics, and quantum computing that have the potential to drive economic growth. With a vast talent pool and growing tech industry, India sees an opportunity to contribute to developing these cutting-edge technologies and benefit from associated economic gains. However, nurturing deep tech requires overcoming key challenges like access to long-term funding. The Indian government is announcing new policies and initiatives aimed at building a supportive ecosystem for deep tech innovation.

 Introduction With Deep Tech?

Deep tech refers to pioneering technologies that are still under development but have potential for transformative impact. It encompasses research in fields like nanotechnology, biotechnology, quantum technologies, semiconductors, data science, and 3D printing. Deep tech innovations can provide solutions to global challenges like climate change, food security, infrastructure needs, and cybersecurity. They are expected to drive productivity, economic growth, and job creation. With its engineering talent and tech culture, India aims to be at the forefront of deep tech advancement.

India’s Deep Tech Push

Recognizing deep tech’s importance, India has undertaken several efforts to promote it. This includes creating specialized missions for transformative mobility and battery storage and for quantum technologies. In 2022, India finalized a National Deep Tech Startup Policy to nurture deep tech companies by addressing their unique challenges. This policy aims to incentivize deep tech innovation through long-term funding, stronger intellectual property rights, tax benefits, and fostering talent. Over 10,000 Indian startups working on deep technologies were identified.

Funding: The Big Challenge

Funding research is one of the biggest roadblocks for Indian deep tech advancement. Deep tech projects require substantial investments over long timeframes. However, India’s overall spending on research and development is only 0.65% of GDP, far below the global average of 1.8%. The government is trying to increase private sector participation to boost R&D funding. The recently launched National Research Foundation seeks to build academia-industry linkages to broaden the funding base. The new Rs 1 lakh crore government fund for R&D loans targets deep tech startups and ventures. But more predictable, consistent funding is needed.

Looking Ahead

With the right policies and investments in place, India is optimistic about fostering a thriving deep tech ecosystem. But achieving its deep tech ambitions will require overcoming key challenges like boosting research spending and enabling access to patient capital. How India navigates these obstacles will determine its goal of becoming a global deep tech leader.

 

 

 

Blog By: Trupti Thakur